Creativity and Intelligence

Creativity and intelligence originate from learning and memory which shows that they are interrelated factors that are indivisible from one another.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creativity and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The work of Nordvik, Schanke Landro (2011) introduces readers to the concept of the interrelation between learning, memory, creativity and intelligence by suggesting that activities/actions that have been internalized by individuals through learning can actually be improved upon later on through memory retrieval resulting in a more efficient method of action and processing (Nordvik, Schanke Landro, 2011). Nordvik, Schanke Landro (2011) asserts that an individual’s cognitive ability has a predilection to seek a path of least resistance in order to accomplish a particular task. This results in what we know of today as efficiency which in turn is generated thr ough the process known as creativity. From the perspective of Nordvik, Schanke Landro (2011), creativity can be considered a long term biological adaptation which is meant to enable an individual to perform actions in increasing levels of efficiency until it has been determined that there is no longer a more efficient manner by which a task can be accomplished. In fact, Nordvik, Schanke Landro (2011) even asserts that this cognitive predilection to seek a path of least resistance is not part of humanity’s exclusive domain; rather, it manifests itself in various animals as well. McCallum (2012) points to the creativity shown by invertebrates such as the octopus, the intelligence shown by dolphins as well as the adaptability of animals to recent changes in their environment (McCallum, 2012). One clear example of the cognitive predilection towards a path of least resistance can be seen in the case of various warnings issued to tourists who visit Yellowstone Park that state tha t they should not feed the animals. The reason behind this is connected to the cognitive path of least resistance wherein animals would become predilected towards eating food offered to them by humans since it would be far easier than hunting. Such an action is not part of their normal behavior and, as such, shows a level of creativity on their part. As such, it can be seen that there is a distinct interrelation between learned behavior, memory and creativity. In order to understand the correlation between intelligence and creativity, an examination of the work of Kinga Istvà ¡n (2012) on human intelligence is in order.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kinga Istvà ¡n (2012) explains that while intelligence and creativity are abstract concepts that have no definite form in the human mind (i.e. it is still being debated as to what specific mental processes produce intellige nce and creativity), the fact remains that they are both interrelated (Kinga Istvà ¡n, 2012). Kinga Istvà ¡n (2012) explains that what we know of as intelligence is actually the accumulation of an individual’s learned behavior/experiences which manifest itself through memory retrieval. Basically, for Kinga Istvà ¡n (2012), the measure of an individual’s intelligence is based upon their accumulated learning experiences whether in the form of physical or mental accomplishments which are then subsequently retrieved and implemented in future actions (Kinga Istvà ¡n, 2012). Creativity enters the picture when an individual’s cognitive predilection towards a path of least resistance is utilized wherein the mind seeks a better and more efficient manner in which a task can be accomplished (Rethinking Technology Creativity in the 21st Century, 2013). This results in the creation of better processes, improved techniques and even the creation of inventions whose ex press purpose is to improve upon the learned actions or behavior (Rethinking Technology Creativity in the 21st Century, 2013). As such, while intelligence can be considered a manifestation of accumulated knowledge, creativity is the cognitive predilection to take such activities and make them more efficient. To understand the origins of creativity, an analysis of the work of Jennings (2010) was conducted in order to determine how creativity originally manifested itself and if there were any subsequent connections to learning, memory and intelligence. Jennings (2010) presents the notion that as humanity evolved and developed social tendencies, increasingly complex behaviors and actions continued to manifest (Jennings, 2010). This came in the form of the â€Å"hunter-gatherer† evolutionary trait, the creation of stone tools, cooperation when it came to hunting and an assortment of other such activities. As these behaviors manifested, an increasingly large amount of energy was expended as a result of complex learned behavior which was outside of their initial behavioral predilections (Jennings, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Creativity and Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given the conditions at the time, increasingly efficient methods of action were preferred since it would result in better energy conservation. It is based on this that Jennings (2010) asserts that there is an early connection between creativity and learned behavior wherein creativity manifested based on a need to create better and more efficient actions. Further research on the topic yielded the research of Hetland (2013) on the interconnection between memory, learning and creativity. Hetland (2013) has an interesting view on this paper’s topic when he explains that creativity is the application of learned behavior which is retrieved through memory (Hetland, 2013). Hetland (2013) asserts that when memory is retrieved through various retrieval mechanisms, it is actually compared by a central controller to memories within other storage areas. Through this shared pool of experience and comparison, possible methods of more efficient action are derived resulting in what we know as the present day creative process. Basically, learned behavior from other stored memories are compared in order to see whether particular actions or behaviors can be applied to a process to make it more efficient. Through such a principle, it can be assumed that the more accumulated learned behaviors a person has, the more they are able to be creative in order to enhance particular actions or resolve problems as they arise. A study from Ayob et al. (2012) backs up this claim by comparing creativity among children by asserting that the origin behind a child’s creativity in creating more efficient actions or resolving particular problems was the amount of learning experiences they h ad by which they could derive a comparison (Ayob et al., 2012). Ayob et al. (2012) stated that the â€Å"root† of creativity so to speak was based on an individual’s accumulated learning experiences. Memory itself was not a sufficient means of eliciting creativity since Ayob et al. (2012) stipulates that it is in the amount of experiences that an individual has and not the means by which it is retrieved that is the basis behind the mechanisms of creativity. Complexity Theory and Adult Learners From the examples that have been presented, it can be assumed that the capacity for all individuals to learn, memorize, be creative and utilize their intelligence changes as they get older. This is due to the manner by which they accumulated experiences changes the manner in which they are intelligent and creative.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the article â€Å"A Child of Complexity Theory: by Hase and Kenyon (2007), readers are introduced to the term â€Å"heutagogy† which concerns itself with the concept of â€Å"learners as the major agents of their own learning†. In essence, complexity theory which is advocated for by Hase and Kenyon (2007), explains that an individual’s personal experiences determines the means by which they internalize and learn new pieces of information and it based on such experiences that each individual tends to learn the same type of lesson in different ways. They state that it is a mistaken belief that teachers can control an individual’s learning experience; instead, a teacher is merely a means of transferring knowledge and skills with the personal experiences of the learner determining how their learning experience is created. It is based on this that Hase and Kenyon (2007) make the assumption that what is necessary in modern day curriculums is not a set stand ard as determined by the educational institution, rather, what is necessary is the development of a â€Å"living† curriculum that centers itself on the experiences of the learner as the key driver towards education. This means that a certain level of adjustment needs to be taken into consideration based on the learner wherein it is under their prerogative that the process of learning is implemented. This can be accomplished by providing them choices as to the type of method of education they want (i.e. traditional, online, blended learning etc.) as well as involving them in methods of application that utilize real life situations so as to evaluate them based on their unique individual applications of the lessons they have learned. Based on the views of Hase and Kenyon (2007), the major flaw in present day methods of education is that they create a â€Å"mold† so to speak in which students are expected to conform in order to learn. However, as seen in the case of  "heutagogy† this is a major mistake given that an individual’s personal experience dictates the most effective method for learning. It is when an individual’s desire for self-directed learning clashes with the set models created by an educational institutional which often results in them dropping out of the course due to a lack of motivation in completing it since they are not learning in the way that they desire. By implementing an educational system where there is a greater level of self-direction, this would most likely result in higher rates of course completion among adult learners since they would be able to learn in the way that they would be most comfortable with. Conclusion Based on the information that has been presented, it is recommended that present day methods of education adjust teaching models in such a way that they take into consideration diversified experiences. This is due to an individual’s personal experiences determining the means by which they internalize and learn new pieces of information and it based on such experiences that each individual tends to learn the same type of lesson in different ways. By adjusting present day teaching models on such a premise, it is possible to maximize a learner’s experience which would result in a greater likelihood that they would be able to implement their creative skills in a more effective fashion resulting in better grades. Reference List Ayob, A., Majid, R., Hussain, A., Mustaffa, M. (2012). Creativity Enhancement Through Experiential Learning. Advances In Natural Applied Sciences, 6(2), 94-99. Jennings, K. (2010). Developing Creativity: Artificial Barriers in Artificial Intelligence.  Minds Machines, 20(4), 489-501. Hase, S., Kenyon, C. (n.d.). Heutagogy: A child of complexity theory. (2007).  International Journal of Complexity Education, 4(1), 111-117. Hetland, L. (2013). Connecting Creativity to Understanding. Educational Leadership,  70(5), 65. Ki nga, S., Istvà ¡n, S. (2012). Relationship between Social Creativity and Social Intelligence, and their Cognitive Correlates. Transylvanian Journal Of  Psychology, 13(1), 39-62. McCallum, A. (2012). The Creativity of Re-creativity. English Drama Media, (24), 23-29. Nordvik, J. E., Schanke, A., Landro, N. I. (2011). Errorless learning and working memory: The impact of errors, distractors, and memory span load on immediate recall in healthy adults. Journal Of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology,  33(5), 587-595. Rethinking Technology Creativity in the 21st Century. (2013). TechTrends: Linking  Research Practice to Improve Learning, 57(3), 10-14 This research paper on Creativity and Intelligence was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Albanian crises of 97 essays

Albanian crises of 97 essays It is not easy at all to try to understand and define what happened in Albania between end of 96 till summer 97. It is almost impossible to really tell why it happened, whether it was organized if it was, what went wrong and what should have be done to avoid that. One thing is for sure though The State did NOT function. The state didnt function in several aspects and dimensions. The government was not able to prevent the expansion of the pyramid schemes. It also was not able to warn its citizens in due time about the risk that they had taken. On the other side, the citizens themselves were expecting everything from their government. And when things went wrong, the Government was on the spotlight. Everybody blamed the state and forgot they the citizens form an integral part of the state. People didnt understand that by attacking the state and its institutions, they were attacking themselves. Dont ask what the Government can do for you, but what you can do for your Government-. Unfortunately most of the citizens didnt see it this way. There can be several factors that can explain why people reacted that way. History of regimes in Albania. Albania has had very short period that can be considered that they had an independent state and the government that served them, and that is from 1920 till the Italian occupation . For the rest of the time we have either been under occupation, thus not considering the government as Albanian, or under dictatorship so that the government was serving the dictator and not the people. Manipulation of the situation by the opposition. The opposition played a very destructive role by putting narrow political interests above wider national ones. Another notion that did not function was the hierarchy. The army, the police forces and other public officials/servant didnt ...

A short story or a poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A short story or a poem - Essay Example It was actually a fine day, which means when it was not particularly busy and we have some time for ourselves. I remember myself pushing some chairs, dragging them out of boredom and sheer laziness that they make some scraping sounds on the floor. I noted how, Mrs. Dory, an elderly regular and the only customer present, darted me piercing looks for annoying her fine breakfast. I ignored her entirely as I twiddled with some condiments on my hands, sending some caps down the floor in the process. Everyone was doing the same, on the counter Easton was still probably mooning over the past weekend, back at the kitchen the other guys must be asleep out of non-exhaustion, except probably with Marie, who were outside with her sun and reading her book. Needless to say, Tim was absent to cheer every one up. Just as Mrs. Dory was rising, perhaps to complain about my behavior, a woman was suddenly at the door. It was nothing much, really, except for the fact that there was only Mrs. Dory and I and the Easton visibly present. I was immediately jolted back from my troubles, out of my tantrums and, automatically, forced a smile on my face to welcome the newcomer. She was about 40, smallish - frail, if you may - and had the shock of black hair, which, now that I think about it, resembled the mop that framed Tims head. Anyway, she was making his way towards Easton, clutching a paper with her hand draped on her breast. The counter was close so I overheard her faint words. "Well, actually, theres no manager. Theres only the owner, Mr. Craig who comes here every so often to check on us. But if you have any message for him, I could just tell him or you can go back tomorrow afternoon. He will be here." There is really nothing like being told that someone close to you, of your own age and someone who have worked with you for a long time have died so suddenly. I, honestly, did not know what to say. Everything was like a blur and next thing I know she was gone and there was

Analysis and Application of Traditional Governance Models Essay

Analysis and Application of Traditional Governance Models - Essay Example Not only in US , in all the other parts of the world, higher education institutions are complex organizations which have tremendous impact on the society. â€Å"Growing demand among learners for improved accessibility and convenience, lower costs, and direct application of content to work settings is radically changing the environment for higher education in the United States and globallyThe demand for higher education is increasing globally. (Sloan-C ) They are in search of convenient, cost effective and quality higher education in this rapid changing environment. In the case of Doctors, only an MBBS qualification is not sufficient enough for getting a good job. Along with MBBS, they need higher qualifications like MD, MS etc. to get good jobs. But such courses are not common everywhere and also the number of seats limited for such higher courses. The world economy is directly linked with knowledge. New organizations are emerging to cater the need of the higher education. Organizational changes and new developments are accelerating advances in learning technologies. Growing demand for learning combined with these technical advances challenges the traditional principles of old universities and institutions. New organizations compete directly with traditional universities. Traditional universities are changing their methodologies and curriculum to cater the demands of the modern world. The universities also divided into different segments like Public University, Open University, Self financing University, Science and Technology University, Agriculture University, Vocational University etc. Some of them functions under the government while others under private sector. Higher educational organizations are different in many ways from other organizations. Conventional management theories may not work with such institutions. The structure, objectives, accountability, all will

Hindu wedding ceremony Essay Example for Free

Hindu wedding ceremony Essay With reference to a Hindu wedding ceremony, describe and explain the many points of symbolism. Ritual is very important within the Hindu religion. If ritual is performed correctly, good karma will follow and if not, the opposite will occur. There are whole books dedicated to ritual such as the Veda, the oldest scripture in the world. Key factors in making the right match include the partner being Hindu, also preferably from the same caste and compatible horoscopically. Also, the horoscopes show what the best date for the wedding to take place is. Although India is a large country and weddings vary, most key points are shared. In India the wedding itself would be at the brides home but in England a hall is booked. In preparation for the wedding, henna is used to decorate her hands and feet lasting many weeks symbolising her entry into her marriage. A red spot is painted called a tilaka showing she has been blessed by god. She is wearing a red sari, the colour of happiness, with gold jewellery, the best she can afford and black paint around her eyes called kajal. The groom gives her a ring that she wears on her toe. The groom will wear a kurta-pajana; a lose fitting top and trousers and a veil of beads. The bride and grooms parents will worship Ganesh and the family deities asking them to be present at the wedding and make sure everything goes to plan. Throughout the ceremony itself the priest keeps a fire burning by pouring ghee into the flames symbolising the presence of the Gods. He also throws rice and spices into the fire symbolising fertility. The bride offers puja to the deities and then goes into a separate room to offer private worship to Parvati and Shiva asking for a long marriage and children, preferably sons. When the groom arrives at the place of the wedding, the brides mother and the priest meet him at the entrance with a sacred light to ward off any evil spirits. The priest prays to Vishnu and Lakshmi and together, the priest and brides mother lead the groom into the place of the wedding. The brides dad then gives him honey symbolising a sweet welcome and the priest recites a mantra from the Yajur-Veda. The brides family give her away to the grooms family. This can be compared to the Christian Wedding in which the brides father gives her way to the groom, the difference being, Hindu weddings are not just about the people getting married, but also each of their families who are as much involved. The bride and groom stand facing each other while the priest ties cloth around grooms neck and attaches it to brides sari representing unity. Then blessings are sung and the guests shower rice over the couple. The father of the bride then places her right hand into the palm of the groom. The father then asks the groom to follow his dharma -religious duty, artha -earning money in an honest manner and karma -the enjoyment of pleasures, with moderation. The groom says to the bride I hold your hand in the spirit of the dharma we are both husband and wife. The wife then steps onto a stone. This symbolises her decision to try to get though all problems they may come across throughout their marriage. Then the couple takes seven steps around the sacred fire (saptapadi); this is essential according to the Law Code of Manu. Each step represents a different thing: food, power, prosperity, wisdom, children, health and friendship. While taking these steps the husband says to the wife With utmost love to each other may we walk togetherMay we make our minds united, of the same vows and of the same thoughts. I am the wind and you are the melody. I am the melody and you are the words and on the last step the couple say in unison Into my will I take thy heart. Thy heart shall follow mine. And the heart of mine be yours. The brides bothers pour barley into the couples hands that are then poured into the scared fire symbolising the fact that they will work together for the benefit of society. The husband then marks his wifes parting with red kum-kum powder. -This is the sign of a married woman. The groom places a black necklace called a mangalsutra around the brides neck representing the union between the two families. Also, black beads are used to ward off evil spirits. If the wedding is in daytime the couple will look at the sun to be blessed, if it is night-time they will look at the Polestar, asking that their love will shine as bright and last as long. Elders and the priest ending the ceremony then bless the couple and the guests then take part in a huge feast. When the wife enters her husbands house for the first time she must kick over a metal pot of grain into the house symbolising prosperity. Finally, the bride is given a new first name showing her new beginning. 1) ii) In a Hindu society what activities, arrangements, and advertisements might eventually lead to a marriage? According to Hindu scriptures, basically, you must not search for your own partner, and when you do want a partner it must be the one your family arranges for you to marry. Therefore strictly speaking courtship is not to be done. In the past, matches have been made between two people before they were even born. Child marriage would often take place, and still does although it has been made illegal. The legal age of marriage in India is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. Because of this law being passed, the people in question now have more choice in their partner. When looking for a suitable partner, usually, the person in questions parents will begin their search by telling their friends who will then circulate the news to other families, telling them details of looks, varna, age, caste, education, financial situation and if it is a more modern arrangement, personality and interests. In the past, the man would visit the girls house and she would come in with her eyes downcast for a few seconds and then leave again. In these more modern times, both families will meet and sit down to talk about it. If the two people seem compatible serious negotiations will take place. Both families will get their family priests to study the horoscopes of the two people and if they match, a suitable date for the wedding may be chosen. Then the two families may agree to let them court with restrictions. If a suitable partner cannot be found, the family may decide to turn to placing an advertisement in the newspaper, or turn to an agency. Advertisements in papers for brides or grooms are very common in India. Sometimes someone will meet somebody they would like to marry at college, work, or a similar environment. Because the majority of the time someone is attracted to another person with the same kind of background, their parents will approve of the marriage because the person chosen has come from the same caste etc. If a match is decided, a dowry must be agreed. -This is an illegal practice, but is still sometimes done. A dowry is a payment given to the grooms family by the brides family because the grooms family now has to look after and pay for the bride. Because of the weddings expense, the bride may find it quite difficult to get together enough money to pay what the groom has asked for and the marriage may therefore be called off. Some Hindu families now demand dowry free weddings. Finally, once all has been agreed, the wedding will take place. 2) a) Explain why, from a religious perspective, i) it is considered important for a Hindu to marry a Hindu, Within the Hindu religion it is considered very important for a Hindu to marry another Hindu. The main reason for this is because marriage in Hinduism is not seen as a lifestyle choice but a duty and religious stage of life, from student, the first ashrama, to householder, the second ashrama according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma. When married, a Hindu has the opportunity to achieve three goals: A release from all basic human desires through marriage and having children. A contribution to society though hard work. The duty of carrying out whatever demands his particular caste places upon him. The 13th saskara is reached when a Hindu marries. Marriage in Hinduism is quite obviously a religious action. Therefore in not marrying a Hindu, you cannot easily for-fill these tasks given to you. You can preserve the purity of your religion and caste by marrying in the traditional way. By marrying a Hindu, you will have your horoscopes compared, will have the same religious state of mind, and are therefore compatible. If two Hindus marry, the families will get along and there will be no feuds. You will keep your parents happy by marrying a fellow Hindu in the correct manner. If you do not, there may be a major disagreement in which your family may not ever fully forgive you. They may even believe that in abandoning the correct tradition of marriage, you are abandoning the Hindu religion. If you marry a Hindu you will gain respect from the Hindu society whereas if you dont there may be a lot of disrespect and gossip about you. Your children will be brought up to believe the Hindu faith and will not be confused of which parent religion he or she should follow. He or she will learn all the correct rituals. The eldest son will light his fathers funeral pyre as Hinduism states. The Hindu marriage, as shown in question one, is full of symbolism and if this ritual is formed correctly good karma will follow. In fact large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry a Hindu, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to marry a Hindu. ii) being married is important in Hindu society, Being married is important in the Hindu society. This is because marriage in Hinduism is not seen as a lifestyle choice but a duty and religious stage of life, from student, the first ashrama, to householder, the second ashrama according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma. When married, a Hindu has the opportunity to achieve three goals: A release from all basic human desires through marriage and having children. A contribution to society though hard work. The duty of carrying out whatever demands his particular caste places upon him. The 13th saskara is reached when a Hindu marries. Marriage in Hinduism is quite obviously a religious action. Therefore in not marrying, it is impossible to for-fill your dharma. By having a Hindu marriage correctly good karma will follow. Large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to marry. iii) it is important to consult with all members of the family when the marriage is being arranged. It is important to consult all members of the family when a marriage is being arranged. The main reason for this is because when a marriage takes place is not just between the bride and groom but both families as well. Also by asking all members of the family you can ensure a good match in marriage. If anything goes wrong there will be shame upon the family and therefore all must be consulted. 2) b) Explain the response of Hinduism to the moral problems of courtship. According to Hindu scriptures, basically, you must not search for your own partner, and when you do want a partner it must be the one your family arranges for you to marry. Therefore strictly speaking courtship is not to be done. Romance, traditionally was only for the Gods. There are certain exceptions however, as Hinduism has had to change with the times and become more flexible and acceptant of modern practices. For instance, once an arranged marriage has been agreed to and the couple are engaged they can announce it and can therefore openly walk in the street holding hands and go to the cinema or such like unaccompanied without being gossiped about by Hindu society. They may not sleep together or mover in together before marriage though. This is because according to the Varna-ashrama-dharma sex is restricted to the householder stage of life and must not be performed in any of the other three stages of life. 3) In Hinduism, marriages are arranged. Do you agree or disagree with the system? Give reasons for your answer. Why would a Hindu agree or disagree with you? Although love marriages are becoming more common within Hinduism, the majority of the time, parents arrange their childrens marriages for them. Marriage is not seen as an optional lifestyle extra but a religious stage in life and therefore it is said that you should love the one you marry, not marry the one you love. Elders are said to be older and therefore wiser and more experienced whereas their children are said to be immature and do not know enough about the world to make a sound choice when it comes to life partners. On the other hand, if your parents make the wrong match and you and your husband have a complete personality clash once your married you have to spend the rest of your life trying to grow to love someone that you really dont get on with. A Hindu would argue then that your horoscopes are compatible with your partners and therefore why wouldnt you get along? If you let your family arrange your marriage for you, you will make them happy. If you do not, there may be a major disagreement in which your family may not ever fully forgive you. They may even believe that in abandoning the tradition of arranged marriages, you are abandoning the Hindu religion. If you have an arranged marriage you will gain respect from the Hindu society whereas if you dont there may be a lot of disrespect and gossip about you. I feel a very important aspect of a relationship is trust. A problem that may arise when marring someone that you do not know all that well is that the two of you will probably not immediately trust each other and the relationship will suffer because of it. Also, sexually, you do not know each other yet are expected to immediately have a healthy sex life as oppose to gently easing into these things. You may feel awkward in being physical with someone you do not have solid trust in. In support of arranged marriages, a person searching for the perfect partner: the one may never find this person. -This person may not even exist. If you have an arranged marriage you know you will have a wedding and not spend half of your life looking for a husband/wife. With the wedding itself, there are many traditional symbolic gestures that must be performed and little room left for individuality. On the other hand a Hindu marriage is full of symbolism and if this ritual is formed correctly good karma will follow. In fact large parts of Hinduism itself are all about ritual and tradition. So if you do not marry in the correct manner, all this will be lost, bad Karma will follow and you will never be released from samara, the series of births, deaths and re-births and atman will never be rejoined with Brahmin. -This is a Hindus main goal and therefore it is essential to have an arranged marriage. You do not really know this person you will spend the rest of your life with. Your husband/wife may have a problem such as gambling, a health condition or an alcohol addiction that you did not previously know about. In love marriages, you have usually been with and lived with your partner for several years before getting married and you therefore will almost certainly know every detail about him/her. After weighing up the points for and against marriage, although I can see from a Hindus point of view why arranged marriages are a good thing, I have one major disagreement. A Hindus main argument for arranged marriages is that it is a religious stage of life and not a lifestyle choice. As I am not Hindu, I do not believe this or other Hindu beliefs to be true. Therefore I personally disagree with arranged marriages. I feel that to marry, you must first be in a loving, longstanding relationship with a strong bond of trust and love. Marriage, to me, is something that shows commitment and love between two people and I find the concept of arranged marriages quite absurd. If to me, marriage is a gesture showing a couples love and therefore surely the couple must be in love before taking vows of their love to one another?

Kate Chopin :: essays research papers fc

Kate Chopin gives a great deal of thought in her literature to issues that she views as important. She was encouraged not to become a "useless" wife; she was also involved in the idea of becoming an independent woman (LeBlanc 1). Kate Chopin is a well-known American writer. Kate Chopin was born on February 8, 1851, in St. Louis, Missouri. At the age of 53, on August 22, 1904, she died due to cerebral hemorrhage (Hoffman 1-2). Kate is the daughter of Eliza Faris O’Flaherty and Thomas O’Flaherty. Her father was a well-established merchant, who took part in many business investments. He is one of the founders of the Pacific Railroad, and was on the train when it crashed into the Gasconade River, in 1885. Her mother Eliza, was a member of a very elite social group, in their French-Creole community. After Kate’s father passed away, her mother became much more religious, and develops a closer relationship with Kate. Kate also has an older half-brother, George O’Flaherty. He was a Confederate solider in the Civil War, and in 1863 was captured by the Union forces, and dies of typhoid fever while in prison. Kate spent her childhood in St. Louis Missouri (Hoffman 1). Kate Chopin was only married once, and it was to Oscar Chopin, a prosperous cotton farmer. The two were married one June 9, 1870, after a yearlong courtship. Kate and Oscar had six children, five boys and one girl. Jean was born in 1871, Oscar Jr. in 1873, George in 1874, Frederick in 1876, Felix in 1878 and Lelia in 1879(Hoffman 1-2). When his cotton business failed they moved to Cloutierville, a small town in Louisiana. They were married for 12 Â ½ years. In 1882 Oscar died of Malaria, and Kate raised the children on her own. Two years after Oscar died Kate and her children moved in with her mother. Less than a year later her mother died and she was on her own again. Kate received a formal education at the Academy of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis. She enjoys music, re ading, writing, French and German. She became fluent in both languages. Later in her life she continues her education by studying biology and anthropology. Kate Chopin is known to be an extremely smart woman. (Toth 116) In addition to writing the only other career Kate Chopin has, is being a housewife.

Unemployment Rate – Article Review

THE country's unemployment rate currently stands at 3. 1 per cent compared with the 3. 4 per cent last year, the Dewan Negara heard yesterday. Deputy Human Resources Minister Datuk Maznah Mazlan said the government was fully harnessing its workforce to keep the unemployment rate at four per cent and below. This was because according to international standards, this was considered full employment. â€Å"According to the Statistics Department, the percentage of unemployment last year was 3. 4 per cent or 387,9000 people. Of the total, 65,500 were graduates. â€Å"In the first quarter of this year, the unemployment percentage dropped to 3. per cent or 381,300. Of the number 71,600 were graduates,† she said responding to Senator Khoo Soo Seang. Maznah said the government had implemented measures to assist unemployed graduates. These included offering a short service scheme with government departments, opportunities for apprenticeship and internship, and the 1Malaysia Training Sch eme. Under the short service scheme, graduates who have not secured jobs in six months after completing their studies have the opportunity to intern at participating government linked companies for a year and receive an allowance of RM1,000 a month. Upon completion, the GLCs will assist in finding permanent positions for them. â€Å"The programmes are to enhance the graduates' marketability and provide exposure so that they do not have to rely on the government for employment but can start their own businesses,† she said. Article about During 2011 the employment rate decreases from 3. 4% to 3. 1% due to the government effort to control all the recourse and to maintain the unemployment rate under 4%. Based on the international standard the unemployment rate of 4% and below considered as full employment. Although the number of people that unemployed are decreasing but the number of unemployed graduates are increasing. Due to this situation, the government had executed measures to help graduates to get a job. The government offer a short service scheme which give a job opportunity to them besides giving them skills and internship. The allowance are also provided under the short service scheme. This will help to give the graduates exposure and encourage them to do their own business instead of relying on the government for the job. Analysis. Based on the article, we can conclude that the type of unemployment that we can see is frictional unemployment. This type of the unemployment occurs when people are in between jobs, entering and reentering the labor force. This may happen when fresh graduates are actively seeking for a job. The numbers of unemployed graduates increase by 9. 3% maybe due to the lack of soft skills and experience that most employers seek. The measure that the government took to control the unemployment is direct control measure, which is providing training and technical education and job creation in various sectors in an economy. The governments want to encourage the graduates to own a business because when there are more trade and transaction, the government revenue will increase. This will lead to economic growth and therefore can increase in GDP. The effects of decreasing the unemployment rate The first effect of decreasing unemployment rate is the incomes will increases. This will lead towards to more buying power and accelerating the inflation rate. Thus, this will effect to the distribution of income, the savings, production cost and balance of trade. The second effect of unemployment is new businesses will have a hard time succeeding, because everyone is already employed, who is going to work for them? New businesses will have to raise wages to entice people to work there which again raises wages and lowers profits to a point where it makes no sense to even start the business. Great levels of unemployment are around 3-5%. The pros and cons of decreasing unemployment rate The pro of decreasing unemployment rate is increase of income and self-respect. Secondly, increase the job skills. Thirdly, decrease social and political problems. Fourthly, the GNP gap becomes narrower because the GNP gap will almost towards to potential GNP. The contras of decreasing unemployment rate are inflation will occur and the new business will have hard time to survive. The effect of decreasing rate of unemployment towards society The first effect is employment may bring a increase in social outings and interactions with other people, including friends. Secondly, employment the competition for jobs and the negotiation power of the individual increases and thus also the living standard of people with the salaries packages and income higher. Thirdly, employment also brings up calm and steadiness amongst the tax paying citizens. For the fresh graduate employees, they will not face burden to settle their loans. Recommendation or solution The first solution is, government can use progressive tax rate depends on the number of employees and use the current Malaysia Corporate Tax. If we use this method, the company in Malaysia will hire more employees in order to decrease the corporate tax and lead to the zero unemployment rates. The second solution is government can open up Malaysian mind to new kind of industry that can make the Earth as better place in the future. For example, this legislation would create an estimated 3 million new jobs by opening closed areas of the Outer Continental Shelf which is between Malaysia and Brunei for oil and gas exploration, and streamlining the licensing of nuclear power plants. This also would create royalty revenues for the government that the bill directs to a new trust fund that can promote renewable energy.